Expressionism was an art movement that emerged in Germany and Austria at the beginning of the 20th century, later spreading to other parts of Europe and the world. This movement arose in opposition to realist and impressionist schools, seeking to express the artist's inner emotions and experiences.
Realism was an art movement that emerged in the 1840s in France as a reaction against Romanticism. While Romanticism emphasized idealized subjects and emotions, Realism sought to depict the world as it actually was, focusing on the ordinary and everyday.
Semi-abstract art is a style that combines elements of both abstract and figurative art. In purely abstract art, the artist completely abandons the representation of real objects and forms.